2021年9月17日 (更新 2022年1月19日)
No. 28

NOTE

日本に出現するウオジラミ科(Caligidae)カイアシ類の種リスト 属およびCaligus species-groupまでの検索

カイアシ類は、一般に海洋または淡水で浮遊生活をする微小な甲殻類だと説明されます。他の生き物に寄生する種も多く、カイアシ類全14,515種(WoRMS, 2021.9.17 Accessed)のうち6000種以上が寄生性です(Boxshall & Halsey 2004)。割合で言うと、寄生性は40%です。

寄生性カイアシ類の主体となるのがCaligidae(ウオジラミ科)です。世界514種が報告されています(WoRMS)。「ウオジラミ」という名は、Caligidae(科)に属するカイアシ類を指しますが、鰓尾類チョウ科も「ウオジラミ」と呼ぶことがあるので混合に注意です。Caligidae(科)は主に海産魚類の体表に寄生します。水産物問題にCaligidae(科)があげられるほど、多大な影響を与えています。

体は扁平状が一般であり、頭胸部の周りに薄い膜(carapace)があるのが特徴です。吸盤のような働きで魚類の体表に吸着します。最近に吸着メカニズムが明らかにされています(Ohtsuka et.al. 2021)。Fig. 1はCaligus属の1種です。

Caligus属の1種
Fig. 1 Caligus属の1種

日本に出現するCaligidae(科)の種については、長澤ら(2010)とNagasawa(2015)で各35種、15種がまとめられています。筆者調べで、日本にはCaligidae(科)は12属82種が出現することが分かりました。今回は種リストと、属までの検索表、Caligus属のspecies-groupまでの検索表を載せました。


日本に出現するCaligidae(科)12科の属までの検索はDojiri & Ho (2013)を参考にしました。以下に記します。同定に必要な形質、吸盤(lunules)と叉状突起(sternal furca)の位置はFig. 2に示しました。なお、雌での検索方法です。

Caligidae(科)の吸盤(lunules)と叉状突起(sternal furca)の位置
Fig. 2 Caligidae(科)の吸盤(lunules)と叉状突起(sternal furca)の位置

  •    1. 頭胸部の側部は腹側へ折りたたむ形状になる…Abasia
  •    ─頭胸部の側部は腹側へ折りたたむ形状にならない…2
  •    2. 吸盤(lunules)をもつ…3
  •    ─吸盤(lunules)をもたない…6
  •    3. 体は左右へ翼状に肥大する…Parapetalus
  •    ─体は翼状に肥大しない…4
  •    4. 生殖節の後部左右に突起をもつ…Caligodes
  •    ─生殖節の後部左右に突起をもたない…5
  •    5. 叉状突起(sternal furca)をもつ…Caligus
  •    ─叉状突起(sternal furca)をもたない…Metacaligus
  •    6. 生殖複合節から複数枚の板状構造が後体部を隠すように広がる…Avitocaligus
  •    ─生殖複合節から複数枚の板状構造はない…7
  •    7. 腹節は未発達または欠く…8
  •    ─腹節は小さいことはあるが欠かない…9
  •    8. 第2触角に鉤爪がある…Pseudanuretes
  •    ─第2触角に鉤爪がない…Anuretes
  •    9. 第4胸脚は二叉型…Euryphorus
  •    ─第4胸脚は単肢型あるいは未発達…10
  • 10. 第1胸脚の内肢は退化的…Lepeophtheirus
  •    ─第1胸脚の内肢は小さいことはあるが2節に分かれる…11
  • 11. 第1-3胸脚外肢の棘はヘラ状に変形する…Alebion
  •    ─第1-3胸脚外肢の棘はヘラ状に変形しない…Gloiopotes

Caligus属には世界274種が属し(WoRMS)、Caligidae(科)に分類される種(514種)のほとんどがCaligus属と、とても大きな属です。次いでLepeophtheirus属が124種です(WoRMS)。Boxshall(2018)とOhtsuka & Boxshall(2019)はCaligus属を6つのspecies-groupに分けました。C. bonito-group、C. confusus-group、C. diaphanus-group、C. macarovi-group、C. productus-group、C. pseudorhombi-groupです。ただし、Caligus属の数種はいずれのspecies-groupにも分類されません。日本に出現する種では、Caligus fugu (Yamaguti, 1936)とCaligus tenuicauda (Shiino, 1964)です。以前はPseudocaligus属に分類されていた種です。遺伝的な解析でCaligus属のシノニムだと分かり、Caligus属に統合されました(Freeman et.al. 2013)。species-groupごとの種リストには分類不明として、上記の2種と、species-groupの分類に必要な形質の記載がなかった2種(筆者調べ)、計4種を載せました。


Caligus属、雌雄のspecies-groupの検索は以下の通り。Fig. 3に検索法を図示しました。


  •    1. 第4胸脚は4節で構成する(外肢は3節)…2
  •    ─第4胸脚は3節で構成する(外肢は2節)…3
  •    2. 第3胸脚のapron(扁平に肥大化した基節および底節であり板状を呈する)に円形に集合した小歯や盛り上がった構造がある…C. confusus-group
  •    ─第3胸脚のapronに円形に集合した小歯や盛り上がった構造がない…C. diaphanus-group
  •    3. 第4胸節末端節によく発達した3本の棘がある…C. macarovi-group
  •    ─第4胸節末端節によく発達した4本の棘がある…4
  •    4. 第1胸脚末端節の内縁に羽状刺毛(plumose setae)が1本ないし欠損する…C. productus-group
  •    ─第1胸脚末端節の内縁に羽状刺毛(plumose setae)が3本ある…5
  •    5. 第2胸脚内肢の第2節の内縁に大きな小歯が並ぶ…C. bonito-group
  •    ─第2胸脚内肢の第2節の内縁に大きな小歯が並ばない…C. pseudorhombi-group

<em>Caligus</em> species-groupの検索法
Fig. 3 Caligus species-groupの検索法

日本に出現するCaligidae(科)82種の種リストは以下の通り。Caligus属においてはspecies-groupごとに載せました。出現報告の出典は [ ] 内に記し、文献リストに載せました。


C. bonito-group

  • Caligus bonito kuroshio (Shiino, 1959) [Yamaguti 1936]
  • Caligus hoplognathi Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959 [Yamaguti & Yamasu 1959]

C. confusus-group

  • Caligus confusus Pillai, 1961 [Pillai 1984]
  • Caligus lichiae Brian, 1906 [Shiino 1960a]
  • Caligus spinosus Yamaguti, 1939 [Yamaguti 1939]

C. diaphanus-group

  • Caligus coryphaenae Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 [Shiino 1952]
  • Caligus cybii Bassett-Smith, 1898 [Cressey & Cressey 1980]
  • Caligus kanagurta Pillai, 1961 [Shiino 1960a]
  • Caligus laticaudus Shiino, 1960 [Shiino 1960a]
  • Caligus pelamydis Krøyer, 1863 [Cressey & Cressey 1980]
  • Caligus seriolae Yamaguti, 1936 [Yamaguti 1936]
  • Caligus tanago Yamaguti, 1939 [Yamaguti 1939]

C. macarovi-group

  • Caligus brevis Shiino, 1954 [Shiino 1954b]
  • Caligus calotomi Shiino, 1954 [Shiino 1954a]
  • Caligus cordiventris Shiino, 1952 [Shiino 1952]
  • Caligus dasyaticus Rangnekar, 1957 [Shiino 1960a]
  • Caligus fistulariae Yamaguti, 1936 [長澤ら 2010]
  • Caligus lalandei Barnard, 1948 [Ho et.al. 2001b]
  • Caligus longipedis Bassett-Smith, 1898 [Ogawa 1992]
  • Caligus macarovi Gusev, 1951 [長澤 1984]
  • Caligus orientalis Gusev, 1951 [鈴木 1974]
  • Caligus oviceps Shiino, 1952 [Shiino 1952]
  • Caligus polycanthi Gnanamuthu, 1950 [Yamaguti & Yamasu 1959]
  • Caligus punctatus Shiino, 1955 [Shiino 1955a]
  • Caligus quadrigenitalis Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Shang, 2012 [VenmathiMaran et.al. 2012b]
  • Caligus sclerotinosus Roubal, Armitage & Rohde, 1983 [Ho et.al. 2004]
  • Caligus triangularis Shiino, 1954 [Shiino 1956]

C. productus-group

  • Caligus epinepheli Yamaguti, 1936 [Shiino 1952]
  • Caligus lagocephali Pillai, 1961 [Yamaguti & Yamasu 1959]
  • Caligus pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1939 [Yamaguti 1939]
  • Caligus productus Dana, 1852 [Cressey & Cressey 1980]

C. pseudorhombi-group

  • Caligus chinglonglini Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2019 [Ohtsuka & Boxshall 2019]
  • Caligus glandifer Shiino, 1954 [Shiino 1956]
  • Caligus kajii Ohtsuka & Boxshall, 2019 [Ohtsuka & Boxshall 2019]
  • Caligus latigenitalis Shiino, 1954 [Izawa & Choi 2000]
  • Caligus longiramus Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Jitchum, 2012 [VenmathiMaran et.al. 2012a]
  • Caligus ogawai Venmathi Maran, Ohtsuka & Shang, 2012 [VenmathiMaran et.al. 2012b]
  • Caligus quadratus Shiino, 1954 [Shiino 1960a]
  • Caligus undulatus Shen & Li, 1959 [VenmathiMaran & Ohtsuka 2008]

species-group 不明

  • Caligus fugu (Yamaguti, 1936) [Nagasawa 2015]
  • Caligus mebachii Marukawa, 1927 [長澤ら 2010]
  • Caligus tenuicauda (Shiino, 1964) [Pillai 1985]
  • Caligus tylosuri (Rangnekar, 1956) [Pillai 1984]

Caligus属以外の種

  • Abasia pusilla Cressey & Cressey, 1979 [Cressey & Cressey 1979]
  • Abasia tripartita (Shiino, 1955) [Shiino 1955b]
  • Alebion crassus Wilson C.B., 1932 [Shiino 1955c]
  • Anuretes branchialis Rangnekar, 1953 [Ho & Lin 2000]
  • Anuretes plectorhynchi Yamaguti, 1936 [Ho & Lin 2000]
  • Anuretes quadrilaterus Shiino, 1954 [Ho & Lin 2000]
  • Anuretes serratus Shiino, 1954 [Ho & Lin 2000]
  • Avitocaligus evoxymetoponicola Izawa, 2012 [Izawa 2012]
  • Caligodes laciniatus (Krøyer, 1863) [Cressey & Collette 1970]
  • Euryphorus brachypterus (Gerstaecker, 1853) [Nagasawa et.al. 2016]
  • Gloiopotes huttoni (Thomson G.M., 1890) [Nagasawa & Shimose 2020]
  • Gloiopotes hygomianus Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861 [Ho & Nagasawa 2001a]
  • Lepeophtheirus acutus Heegaard, 1943 [Tang et.al. 2013]
  • Lepeophtheirus atypicus Lin, Ho & Chen, 1996 [Moon & Kim 2012]
  • Lepeophtheirus bychowskyi Gusev, 1951 [Ho et.al. 2005]
  • Lepeophtheirus chantoni Gusev, 1951 [Markewitch 1956]
  • Lepeophtheirus elegans Gusev, 1951 [VenmathiMaran et.al. 2013]
  • Lepeophtheirus goniistii Yamaguti, 1936 [Shiino 1959]
  • Lepeophtheirus hastatus Shiino, 1960 [Shiino 1960a]
  • Lepeophtheirus hexagrammi Gusev, 1951 [Shiino 1959]
  • Lepeophtheirus hospitalis Fraser, 1920 [Yamaguti 1936]
  • Lepeophtheirus lateolabraxi [漆原ら 2011]
  • Lepeophtheirus longicauda (Markevich, 1940) [Homma et.al. 2020]
  • Lepeophtheirus longiventralis Yü & Wu, 1932 [Nagasawa 2015]
  • Lepeophtheirus muraenae Shiino, 1960 [Shiino 1960a]
  • Lepeophtheirus nordmannii (Milne Edwards, 1836) [Shiino 1957]
  • Lepeophtheirus paralichthydis Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1960 [Yamaguti & Yamasu 1960]
  • Lepeophtheirus parviventris Wilson C.B., 1905 [Yamaguti 1936]
  • Lepeophtheirus parvulus Shiino, 1952 [Moon & Kim 2012]
  • Lepeophtheirus renalis (Heegaard, 1945) [Ho & Lin 2000]
  • Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837) [Shiino 1959]
  • Lepeophtheirus scutiger Shiino, 1952 [Boxshall & Bellwood 2012]
  • Lepeophtheirus sekii Yamaguti, 1936 [Yamaguti 1936]
  • Lepeophtheirus semicossyphi Yamaguti, 1939 [VenmathiMaran 2012b]
  • Lepeophtheirus sheni Boxshall & Bellwood, 2012 [Boxshall & Bellwood 2012]
  • Metacaligus latus Ho & Lin, 2002 [VenmathiMaran 未発表]
  • Metacaligus trichiuri (Krøyer, 1863) [VenmathiMaran 2012b]
  • Parapetalus sp. [Nagasawa et.al. 2018]
  • Pseudanuretes chaetodontis Yamaguti, 1936 [Moon & Kim 2012]

最後に各種のシノニム種です。シノニム種は [ ] で囲みました。筆者が日本に出現する種を探している間に混乱を引き起こしたシノニム種のみです。ここであげた種以上にシノニム種はあります。


  • C. coryphaenae [Caligus tesserifer Shiino, 1952]
  • C. fugu [Pseudocaligus fugu Yamaguti, 1936]
  • C. lagocephali [Caligus fugu Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959]
  • C. latigenitalis [Caligus dieuzeidei Shiino, 1954]
  • C. lichiae [Caligus aesopus Wilson, 1921]
  • C. orientalis [Caligus japonicus Gussev, in Isakova-Keo, 1952; Caligus laticorpus Shen, 1957]
  • C. productus [Caligus katuwo Yamaguti, 1936]
  • C. tenuicauda [Pseudocaligus tenuicauda Shiino, 1964]
  • C. tylosuri [Tuxophorus tylosuri Rangnekar, 1956]
  • A. crassus [Alebion echinatus Capart, 1953]
  • A. branchialis [Heniochophilus branchialis (Rangnekar, 1953)]
  • E. brachypterus [Elytrophora hemiptera Wilson C.B., 1921]
  • G. huttoni [Gloiopotes longicaudatus (Marukawa, 1927)]
  • M. trichiuri [Metacaligus uruguayensis Thomsen, 1949]

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